Explosion at nuclear power plant. How did the official residence work nine years ago? A man who was in charge of "crisis management" at the time spoke for the first time. That judgment and what is the lesson? Kogaki Hiroto

Safe living myths

"Safe living myths. There was no preparation at all. That's really a big reflection. "

It is kiyotaka Takahashi (63) who has been responsible for the crisis management at the prime minister's official residence. This time, I looked back on that day nine years ago.

Since Takahashi entered the police agency, he successively served as director general of Hokkaido police and the director general of the police agency, and the inspector general. Until April last year, he served as the cabinet crisis management supervisor, responding to heavy rains in western Japan and responding to missile launches by North Korea.

At the time of the Great East Japan earthquake, the high bridge that acted as the crisis management deliberator of the cabinet Secretariat. In the midst of it, he took charge of the "crisis management center" of the prime minister's official residence.

"Let us know your experience and challenge, and let us know that our crisis management will be a little better, and that the people will be able to live in peace."

I began to read the notes at that time;

"I couldn't sleep for 100 hours."

At that time, tall bridge was in the building next to the residence. "I was on the eighth floor, so shaking. I jumped out and went down to the first floor at the stairs and ran. "

The crisis management center in the underground of the official residence.

In an emergency, members of the "emergency participation team" made by the head office of the relevant ministries and agencies gather, and the Prime Minister of the cabinet crisis management supervisor corresponds to the first action. High bridge was the 'bantoyaku' of this team.

"It's best to check the damage. Then, immediately after the tsunami warning came out, how to evacuate people to the coast to evacuate to prevent the damage. The public relations was made immediately. A call from radio or helicopter

As the rescue and rescue efforts are being promoted, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has gradually deteriorated. Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. announced the announcement of the nuclear emergency situation at that time.

It is said that the number of people who correspond to the center increased every time.

With the change of the situation, the thought of "desperate" and "the nuclear power plant is serious" drifted to everyone. Not only the earthquake but also the correspondence of the nuclear power plant, and the person increased rapidly. "

"I've been sitting in my chair in the room where I can't sleep any more than four days from there. About 100 hours. Man, I can't sleep like that. After that, it was about 1 week to go home. The outside world was not understood at all, and it was absorbed in the first movement dealing. I was desperate. Everyone. "

There was no preparation for the nuclear accident

It is said that there is a reflection point in the response to the nuclear disaster.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis have responded to the previous training and actually the response to the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake. I'm honest that preparations were not done at all. It's really a big reflection point. "

As one of the examples, high bridge was the operation of reactor cooling.

In the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, most of the power plants, such as the emergency generator, and the power supply board and battery for sending electric equipment to the facility, were lost, and all the power necessary for cooling was lost. How do you cool the nuclear reactor to prevent the damage from spreading?

A critical accident occurred in Tokai mura, Ibaraki Prefecture in 1999.

It has been trained regularly for the nuclear disaster, but according to the high bridge, it was not assumed that all the power supplies were lost.

"Polluted and exploding. What do you do in such a situation? How do you pour water? It was thought that I wanted to chill somehow because I could put myself with a bucket of water. "

He also used the police, self defense forces, and construction vehicles to cool the reactors.

First of all, I start by trying to use a water tank for the police to suppress the demonstrators, and the self defense force will raise sea water by the helicopter which is used when the forest fires. "

"Then, an idea was made from someone, and the pump car which stretches the concrete to the upper in the building of the skyscraper and goes up to the height of up to 70 meters," giraffe said, took it, and put water in it. "

It was the situation where it was possible to think and correspond in the place, and to correspond to "unexpected".

Evacuation of bedridden patients

There are other examples of the problem. It is evacuation such as inpatients.

Futaba hospital in Okuma Town, Fukushima Prefecture, which is about four kilometers from Fukushima Daiichi plant. On March 12, evacuation instructions were issued based on the situation of nuclear power plants. People who could walk by themselves were evacuated, but bedridden patients remained.

Hydrogen explosion occurred in the nuclear power plant. The high bridge took over 200 left evacuation operations. This was also "unexpected".

I don't know what kind of hospital there are and how many people there are. Which means should I use to get refuge? Can I use a private bus? Where do you evacuate? Everything was not decided. But we must evacuate soon. I started in nothing. "

At the crisis management center, the police, the self defense force, and the Ministry of health, labor and welfare discussed the central government concerned. Two days after evacuation instructions, the rescue Corps arrived at an isolated Futaba hospital, leaving evacuation of the remaining people.

First of all, the one who took refuge took the bus and aimed at iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture. However, it is large to avoid the evacuation instructions. It is said that it took about half a day to reach the evacuation destination to arrive in about 1 hour without accepting it.

And finally rescued from the Futaba hospital was 16 days after the accident.

The patients were deprived of their physical strength due to prolonged evacuation and fell into a depressed state, and eight people died in the buses on the move. He died one after another. Three former executives of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. were charged with the death of 44 people in the course of evacuation, and in September last year, the Tokyo District Court handed down innocence, but the attorney of the prosecutor was charged. From now on, it will be tried again at the Tokyo High Court of the second trial.

"Whatever situation is, there is nothing but to get out of there. I started to stay where I was going to evacuate, so after all, I went to the north side, instead of going to iwaki, toward the West. It took a lot of time. There were many aspects of the operation. It might have reduced the damage even if there is a plan. Regret really leaves. The reflection point is that. I think you've made trouble with you. "

Having the right grief

From this experience, Takahashi's big lesson is that he is "without fear".

"Well, I don't care if you have it," said it. Then, to have the right "sorrow" to do the preparation. I think it is important to be afraid of disaster and emergency. It can be prepared by that. I must do it. "

Under the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the municipality within 30 kilometers from the nuclear power plant was obliged to prepare evacuation plans for the accident. The lesson is reflected. How do people evacuate residents, including inpatients, when an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant in Japan? Emergency response measures are decided.

In addition, the nuclear power plant in various places also deployed the deployment of the power car to the high altitude which did not reach the tsunami, installation of the reservoir, and deployment of many fire engines. When he returned to the prime minister's official residence after about five years as the cabinet crisis management supervisor after the earthquake disaster, it was surprised that "the preparation has advanced to this point".

However, such a plan is also a problem to be able to use the ship and the helicopter as a means of moving the inhabitants, and to be able to evacuate as if it was in the case of the danger that the evacuation route had the danger of sediment damage by the sediment disaster and tsunami.

In this regard, we emphasize that efforts to increase the effectiveness are necessary.

I don't think it's perfect, so there's a lot of things to do with the fact that it really works, and how the weather is bad. I think it's better to be better than no plan, and I think it should be meaningful to make sure that even one person does not leave the victim. It is not only the government office anymore, but the cooperation of the residents is necessary, so it is important to be known to the residents and to move quickly. I think I need to do training, review, and repeat it all the time. "

Information and issues

It is pointed out that there is further improvement. One of them is the information dispatch from the government at the time of the disaster.

At that time, the Chief Cabinet Secretary Edano had sent a press conference several times a day about the situation of the nuclear power plant and the evacuation and so on, and said that the review should be reviewed.

Although the chief cabinet secretary was doing a lot at the press conference, it was difficult. The chief cabinet secretary is responsible for the policy makers and the cabinet before the spokesman. I think we should make a spokesman or a spokesman at the time of crisis management. "

Moreover, the information "collection" is a problem. The high bridge emphasizes residents in the affected areas to actively send information in SNS, and the government should set up a system that aggregates it.

If you think of a big earthquake, you will be able to send a disaster information to you. By integrating it, it becomes the time when the whole image, the individual rescue plan, and the thing which must be dealt with in the short time are seen. I want you to do it there. "

Prevention of related death by TKB

It is also important to prevent the disaster related death. In the Great East Japan earthquake, even after temporary shelter, the temporary housing after leaving the shelter has been affected by the worsening of heart disease such as heart disease and causing stress due to stress.

In Fukushima Prefecture, not only the person who died of illness but also the case of suicide by the stress caused by the nuclear accident has been approved.

"I was not conscious enough for the current job, but death related to disaster is a death that can be prevented somehow. As soon as possible, the living environment is good, and it is not possible to provide warm rice and miso soup. I think health care and mental condition will be positive. "

The high bridge is expected to proceed with the maintenance of the TKB = toilet and kitchen bed in the shelter with reference to the example of Italy where hot pasta is provided immediately after the disaster at the shelter and the tent and the bed are supplied for the damaged families.

How to prepare for an unknown situation

In this interview, Taka Bashi consistently emphasized as a lesson, "how to prepare for a large-scale situation that has never been experienced".

We are now facing the spread of an unknown new coronavirus. What is the problem to be able to see?

Next year, it will be ten years since that day. From now on, it is necessary to verify the ideal way of the crisis management and prepare for "unexpected". (the photograph of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant taken by Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. was used for the image of the abbreviation and the beginning.)